Total & Partial Knee Replacement Surgery

Expert knee replacement surgery — including conventional, partial, and robotic-assisted techniques — by one of the UK's leading lower limb arthroplasty surgeons. Based in Birmingham, with exceptional patient-reported outcomes.

Understanding the Procedure

What Is Knee Replacement Surgery?

Knee replacement surgery — also known as knee arthroplasty — involves replacing the damaged or worn surfaces of the knee joint with precision-engineered artificial components. The knee is formed by three bones: the femur (thighbone), the tibia (shinbone), and the patella (kneecap). When the cartilage covering these surfaces wears away, it causes bone-on-bone contact, resulting in significant pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility.

Depending on how much of the knee is affected, Mr Hussain may recommend a total knee replacement (replacing all three compartments) or a partial knee replacement (replacing only the damaged compartment). In selected cases, he offers complex total knee replacement for patients with more demanding anatomy or prior surgery.

Knee replacement is one of the most successful and widely performed operations in orthopaedic surgery. Modern implants are designed to restore natural movement and last 15–25 years, helping patients return to everyday activities, hobbies, and a life free from chronic pain.

The Knee Joint
  • Femur — the thighbone forming the top of the knee
  • Tibia — the shinbone forming the base of the joint
  • Patella — the kneecap, gliding over the front of the knee
  • Articular cartilage — smooth coating allowing pain-free movement
  • Menisci — shock-absorbing cushions between femur and tibia
  • Ligaments — stabilising structures holding the joint together

When arthritis damages these structures, knee replacement restores the joint with artificial components that replicate smooth, natural movement.

Is It Right for You?

When to Consider Knee Replacement

Knee replacement is usually recommended after non-surgical treatments have failed to provide adequate relief. You may be a candidate if you experience any of the following:

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Persistent Knee Pain

Pain during walking, climbing stairs, or at rest that is not adequately controlled by painkillers, anti-inflammatory medication, or injections.

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Reduced Mobility & Stiffness

Difficulty straightening or bending the knee fully, walking more than short distances, or performing everyday activities such as shopping or gardening.

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Failed Conservative Treatment

Physiotherapy, weight management, activity modification, and steroid injections have been tried but are no longer providing meaningful relief.

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X-ray Evidence of Arthritis

Imaging shows significant damage — loss of cartilage space, bone-on-bone contact, osteophyte formation, or deformity of the knee joint.

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Impact on Quality of Life

Knee pain is preventing you from sleeping well, enjoying hobbies, exercising, working, or spending time with the people who matter most to you.

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Other Knee Conditions

Rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis following an old knee injury, avascular necrosis, or other conditions causing significant joint damage.

Surgical Options

Types of Knee Replacement

Mr Hussain offers the full range of knee replacement procedures, selecting the most appropriate option based on your anatomy, the extent of arthritis, your age, activity level, and lifestyle goals.

Most Common

Total Knee Replacement

Total knee replacement (TKR) replaces all three compartments of the knee — the medial, lateral, and patellofemoral surfaces — with metal and plastic implants. It is the most commonly performed type and is recommended when arthritis affects the entire knee joint.

  • Suitable for widespread knee arthritis affecting multiple compartments
  • Excellent long-term pain relief and restored function
  • Modern implants designed to last 15–25 years
  • Available as day-case or short-stay procedure
  • Robotic-assisted surgery available for greater precision
Targeted Surgery

Partial Knee Replacement

Also known as unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR), this procedure replaces only the damaged compartment of the knee — most commonly the medial (inner) side. It preserves healthy bone, cartilage, and ligaments, resulting in a more natural feeling knee and faster recovery.

  • Smaller incision and less tissue disruption
  • Quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay
  • More natural knee movement and feel
  • Requires intact ligaments and single-compartment disease
  • Suitable for younger, more active patients
Advanced Cases

Complex Total Knee Replacement

Some patients require more complex knee replacement surgery due to significant deformity, severe bone loss, previous knee surgery, or unusual anatomy. Mr Hussain has specialist expertise in these challenging cases and uses advanced implants and surgical planning to achieve excellent outcomes.

  • Severe varus or valgus (bow-legged or knock-kneed) deformity
  • Significant bone loss requiring augments or stems
  • Previous high tibial osteotomy or prior knee surgery
  • Post-traumatic arthritis with altered anatomy
  • Customised implant planning and surgical technique
Advanced Technology

Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement

Mr Hussain is certified in all three leading robotic surgery platforms used for knee replacement — MAKO (Stryker), ROSA (Zimmer Biomet), and CORI (Smith & Nephew). Robotic-assisted surgery is offered to selected patients for whom it is likely to provide additional clinical benefit. It is not required for every knee replacement, and Mr Hussain will advise whether it is appropriate for you at your consultation. Where used, robotic assistance enhances precision in implant placement and alignment — supporting, not replacing, the surgeon's expertise and judgement.

Please note: Robotic-assisted surgery is offered to selected patients for whom the technology is likely to provide the greatest benefit. Not every patient will require or be suitable for robotic surgery — this will be discussed and agreed with you during your consultation with Mr Hussain.
Specialist Expertise

Complex Knee Replacement

Certain patients present with knee conditions that require a higher level of surgical expertise and planning. Mr Hussain has substantial experience managing complex primary knee replacements — cases involving significant deformity, challenging anatomy, or the legacy of previous surgery.

In these situations, standard implants and routine techniques may not suffice. Mr Hussain draws on advanced surgical planning, specialised implant systems, and intraoperative robotic guidance to achieve excellent outcomes even in the most demanding cases.

Complex cases he routinely manages include:

  • Severe varus or valgus knee deformity
  • Significant bone loss requiring augments, stems, or cones
  • Patients with previous tibial osteotomy or prior knee surgery
  • Post-traumatic arthritis with altered bony anatomy
  • Patellofemoral arthritis and complex soft-tissue balancing
  • Stiff knees requiring additional release procedures
What Patients Say

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Your Experience

Your Patient Journey

From your first consultation through to full recovery, Mr Hussain and his team provide personalised support at every stage of your knee replacement journey.

Consultation

Detailed assessment of your knee, X-rays reviewed, and all options explained clearly

Pre-Op Planning

Blood tests, medical optimisation, implant templating, and robotic surgical planning if indicated

Surgery

Precision knee replacement performed under spinal or general anaesthetic — typically 1–2 hours

Recovery Ward

Physiotherapy begins on the day of surgery. Walking with a frame typically starts within hours

Discharge & Rehab

Home the same day (day-case) or after 1–3 nights. Personalised physiotherapy programme begins

Follow-Up & Return

Outpatient review at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year. Return to activities guided by Mr Hussain

What to Expect

Recovery Milestones

Every patient recovers at their own pace. The timeline below gives a general guide — your individual progress will be discussed and monitored at every stage.

Day 1

Up and Walking

Physiotherapy begins on the day of surgery. Most patients stand and take their first steps with support within hours of leaving theatre.

2 Weeks

Wound Healing

Stitches or clips are removed. Walking with a frame or crutches improves steadily. Light activities around the home resume.

6 Weeks

Increasing Independence

Most patients are walking without aids, can drive again (if right knee — once cleared), and return to desk-based work. Range of motion continues to improve.

3 Months

Resuming Activities

Returning to swimming, cycling, and leisure activities. Significant pain reduction achieved. Full strength and confidence in the knee continues to build.

6 Months

Near Full Recovery

Most patients have returned to their normal routine, including social activities and longer walks. The knee feels more natural and settled.

12 Months

Full Recovery

Ongoing improvements in strength and flexibility continue. Many patients return to low-impact sports such as golf, cycling, and walking.

Your Questions Answered

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know if I need a total or partial knee replacement? +
This depends on how many compartments of the knee are affected by arthritis. A partial replacement is suitable if arthritis is confined to one compartment and your ligaments are intact — it preserves more bone and tissue, and typically offers a faster recovery. A total replacement is indicated when two or three compartments are affected. Mr Hussain will review your X-rays and examine your knee at consultation to recommend the most appropriate procedure for you.
What are the benefits of robotic-assisted knee replacement? +
Robotic assistance gives Mr Hussain real-time data about your unique knee anatomy, allowing him to position the implant with a higher degree of accuracy than traditional techniques alone. Benefits may include a more natural-feeling knee, better alignment and balance, preservation of healthy surrounding tissue, and potentially better long-term implant survival. However, the most important factor in any operation remains the experience and judgement of the surgeon — robotics is a tool to support, not replace, that expertise.
How long will my knee replacement last? +
Modern total knee replacements are designed to last 15–25 years in most patients, and many last even longer. Partial knee replacements typically last 10–15 years, though this has improved significantly with advances in implant design. Longevity depends on your weight, activity level, and how well the implant is aligned — all of which Mr Hussain takes into careful consideration when planning your surgery.
How long will I be in hospital after knee replacement? +
Selected patients are suitable for day-case knee replacement, returning home the same day. Most patients who stay in hospital do so for one to three nights. The length of stay depends on your medical history, home circumstances, distance from the hospital, and how quickly you mobilise after surgery. Mr Hussain uses enhanced recovery protocols to support early discharge for all suitable patients.
Will I be awake during knee replacement surgery? +
Most knee replacements are performed under spinal anaesthesia, which numbs the lower half of the body while you remain comfortable and relaxed — many patients choose to have light sedation alongside this. General anaesthesia is also available. Your anaesthetist will discuss the options with you before surgery and recommend the approach best suited to your health and preferences.
When can I drive, return to work, and exercise after knee replacement? +
Driving is typically possible at around 6 weeks after a right knee replacement (earlier for the left, if you drive an automatic). Return to desk-based work often happens within 4–6 weeks; physical work may take 3–6 months. Low-impact exercise such as swimming and cycling is usually possible by 3 months, while activities like golf can typically resume around 6 months. Mr Hussain will give you a personalised timeline at your follow-up appointments.
Is knee replacement covered by private health insurance? +
Most major private health insurers — including Bupa, AXA Health, Aviva, Vitality, Cigna, and others — cover knee replacement surgery when medically indicated. You will need to obtain pre-authorisation from your insurer before your procedure. Wendy Richards, Mr Hussain's secretary, is experienced in supporting patients through the insurance process and can advise you at the time of booking.
What are the risks of knee replacement surgery? +
Knee replacement is a safe and well-established procedure, but like all surgery it carries some risks. These include infection, blood clots (DVT), nerve or blood vessel injury, stiffness, and the possibility of further surgery in the future. Mr Hussain will discuss all relevant risks in detail at your consultation and explain the steps taken to minimise them — including the use of blood-thinning medication, compression stockings, and early mobilisation.

Ready to Discuss Your Knee Replacement?

Take the first step towards a pain-free, active life. Book a consultation with Mr Hussain to discuss your options in confidence.